Android sensor guardian download

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Search in the application code. Changing the application code. Method in short, Method [ 23 , 24 ]. As stated above, when we hook a specific API, we replace the API call with a call to its corresponding wrapper function. In wrapper invoke , we check whether the function being invoked by reflection is the critical sensor-related API, i. From object method , we can retrieve the class name and method name of the method being invoked with APIs like getDeclaringClass and getName [ 24 ] and then check whether the class name is SensorManager and the method name is regsiterListener.

If they are, then we invoke wrapper reg instead of the original registration function. Instrumentor employs the method in Aurasium [ 18 ] to hook native API calls, which examines the native shared libraries loaded by the app and replaces function pointers in their global offset table GOT.

Android apps can load a native library by calling either System. We hook these loading functions. An app can also use dlopen to open libandroid in which the sensor-related APIs are defined and use dlsym to get the function pointer. We hook both dlopen and dlsym , record the address of libandroid returned by dlopen , and check whether the app is using dlsym to resolve the address of the sensor-related APIs the abovementioned registration function and queue-polling function.

Prevent direct access to sensors As mentioned in Section 2. Hao et al. To prevent such an evasion, we hook the Binder IPC to prevent apps from accessing sensors in such a direct way. We hook the native function ioctl in libc. On Android, all IPCs are sent through this function. We reconstruct the high-level IPC communication in ioctl using the same method in Aurasium. When we observe an IPC of enabling a sensor, we examine the current Java and native call stacks of the app to check whether this IPC is from the public registration APIs provided by the sensor framework.

If not, we deny this IPC because we do not know the customized way in which the app is retrieving and handling sensor events. Policy Manager and runtime communication Policy Manager is a standalone app running on the same Android device with the instrumented apps, which manages and deploys control policies for all the instrumented apps. At runtime, the wrappers in the instrumented apps need to get the most up-to-date control policies from Policy Manager to decide whether the app is allowed to access sensors.

This is a consideration of runtime overhead because the frequency of sensor events is quite high at least 5 Hz. In Sensor Guardian, every app is instrumented with an internal light-weight Policy Manager that handles IPC with the external Policy Manager and caches current policies only for this app. When a sensor event is hooked, there is no need to ask the external Policy Manager for control policies through IPC.

The hooks only need to get the cached policies from the internal Policy Manager in the same process, which has lower overhead than IPC. Though this strategy may delay the new control policy to take effect, the latency is quite low, which is the time of only one IPC process.

In preparation, we implemented aforementioned API wrappers both in Java and native. The Java wrappers and the internal Policy Manager, say manager int , are compiled into a dex file called dex prep. The native wrappers and the code to hook native API calls are compiled into a native shared library, say lib prep. Note that dex prep and lib prep only need to be generated once for all apps because these preparations do not depend on any details about a specific app.

As a result, the time to generate these two preparations is not included in the measurement of instrumentation time in Section 4. Whole process of Sensor Guardian. Instrumentation starts when Instrumentor extracts essential files from the original APK file, including the manifest file manifest orig and dex file dex orig. Java Instrumentation takes dex prep , manifest orig , and dex orig as its input and generates an instrumented dex file dex instrumented as output. In order to ensure that manager int can get the available policies at the start of an app, we implemented manager int as a subclass of android.

Application and modified the application tag in manifest orig to set manager int as the first class to be instantiated. At last, we repackage dex instrumented , lib prep , and the modified manifest file into the original APK file to generate the instrumented APK file.

And we sign the instrumented APK file with a new certificate. When an APK file is modified and repackaged, its signature is inevitably destroyed and we cannot recover its original signing key. This is a problem in all static instrumentation techniques [ 16 — 18 ]. We adopt the method in [ 18 ], in which we generate a new certificate for each app we have encountered and keep the relationship between the certificate and the app.

For those apps developed by the same developer, we use the same certificate. In this way, we maintain the functionality of signature that works as a proof of authorship in Android.

We implement several simple yet effective control policies in Sensor Guardian. Here, we elaborate the policies that we support. Note that the supported policies could be expanded by security experts in the future. In the opposite, Deny All denies all the access attempts of an app on all the sensors. When implementing the Deny All policy, we replace the real data in the sensor events with fixed and unreasonable data e. Randomization Randomization here means randomizing sensor data for apps to make them unable to understand and infer the real status and environment of the phone.

We enforce this policy by replacing the real sensor data with random data generated by Java Random [ 26 ]. In this way, the sensor data retrieved by the app is determined by the randomization method instead of the real hardware. User Select User Select is not a specific policy that decides the way for apps to access sensors. It is a management strategy that Sensor Guardian allows the user to decide which app can access what sensors in what ways by providing her an interactive interface for selection Fig.

Screenshot of Policy Manager. Sensor Guardian allows the user to decide which app can access what sensors in what ways by providing her this interactive interface for selection. This user-driven policy and the interactive interface of Policy Manager are mostly learnt from similar functionalities in the system settings of iOS and Android 6.

For example, after Android 6. The main difference here is that sensors are not as self-explained as other system resources, e. In addition, the purposes for apps to use a specific sensor are not obvious, e. The warning indicates what sensor access of this app is being controlled. When there is a need to deploy a new kind of control policy, it only requires the policy maker to extend the internal Policy Manager before instrumentation, which does not affect any other parts of Sensor Guardian.

Sensor Guardian can be used in several ways. First, it can be used by a normal user who concerns about her privacy. The user can use Sensor Guardian to automatically instrument the apps that may access her sensor data and install the instrumented ones and Policy Manager.

Second, Sensor Guardian can be used by Android app markets to provide privacy protection enhancement on apps. In this way, apps can be instrumented by Instrumentor on the market server after they are submitted by developers to the market and before the market publishes them to users.

Policy Manager can be published as a standalone app, which can be downloaded by users manually or by the instrumented apps automatically.

In this section, we evaluate Sensor Guardian in several aspects, including its static instrumentation overhead and runtime control overhead. We crawled top free apps from all 28 categories on Google Play Store [ 27 ].

By disassembling them and grepping sensor-related APIs in their Java and native assembly code files, we find that apps are using sensor-related APIs and select these apps as our evaluation set.

We instrument them and run their instrumented versions on a Samsung GT-I smartphone with Android 5. Sensor Guardian can successfully instrument all the apps in the evaluation set. Instrumentation time During instrumentation, we record the start time in seconds of instrumenting an app and the end time when the instrumentation finishes.

The instrumentation starts when Instrumentor extracts essential files e. The instrumentation time is measured by calculating the difference between the start and end time.

All apps are instrumented in 20 s. The average instrumentation time is 8 s. Figure 4 shows the number of apps instrumented in different time, which reveals that most apps are instrumented in 7, 8, and 9 s.

As noted above, the instrumentation time for an app includes the time of extracting its APK file, modifying dex file and manifest file, recompression and signing, but not the time for generating dex prep and lib prep. The result indicates that Sensor Guardian does not cost too much time during static instrumentation. Instrumentation time. The number of apps instrumented in different time. Most apps are instrumented in 7, 8, and 9 s.

Sensor Guardian incurs size increase in both dex file and native libraries. The lib prep has a fixed size of 22 KiB, while the size increase of dex files vary between apps. In fact, the average size increase of dex files and APK files are 0. After instrumentation, we manually run those instrumented apps on the experiment device. No app crashed under all policies, i.

In fact, as suggested in Section 3. Even under Deny All and Randomization policies, Sensor Guardian just replaces the data in sensor events with fixed and unreasonable data Deny All or randomized data Randomization.

This control may incur overhead to these access attempts. The third-party apps we crawled from app market are not suitable for observing this overhead because they do not always use sensors, most of them only rely on sensor data occasionally. Time overhead Each time a sensor event emerges, Sensor Guardian checks the current control policy and decides how to control the intercepted sensor events.

This check and control decision may incur extra time overhead that delays the instrumented app to get sensor events and data. This microbenchmark retrieves data from different sensors at different sampling rates.

We measure the mean time interval of 30, sensor events for both the original and the instrumented microbenchmarks and name them as int orig and int inst , respectively. We evaluate the time overhead for different sensor types at different sampling rates. Android provides several sampling rates for accessing sensor data. Table 2 shows the time overhead for different sensors at different sampling rates and under different policies.

In fact, int orig is decided by the sampling rate. Table 2 reveals that the highest absolute time overhead is 0. Ambulation continuously requests sensor data, which is suitable to examine the CPU and memory overhead. It was also used in the prior work ipShield [ 6 ] to evaluate performance. Their thoughts and opinions are their own. Using smart technology to predict where your glucose levels are headed, the system can alert you from 10 to 60 minutes before a high or low.

We check your insurance and pharmacy benefits for coverage. You choose the one that is best for you. Learn more. The system is intended to complement, not replace, information obtained from standard blood glucose monitoring devices.

All therapy adjustments should be based on measurements obtained from standard blood glucose monitoring devices. All therapy adjustments should be based on measurements obtained using a home blood glucose meter and not on values provided by the system. The account is genuine, typical and documented. The response other individuals have to the treatment could be different. Responses to the treatment can and do vary.

Not every response is the same. Please talk to your doctor about your condition and the risks and benefits of these technologies. The system is intended to complement, not replace, information obtained from standard blood glucose monitoring devices, and is not recommended for people who are unwilling or unable to perform a minimum of two meter blood glucose tests per day, or for people who are unable or unwilling to maintain contact with their healthcare professional.

The system requires a functioning mobile electronic device with correct settings. If the mobile device is not set up or used correctly, you may not receive sensor glucose information or alerts. Important Safety Information: Sugar. It is not intended to provide medical advice and should not be relied upon for such purpose. All therapy decisions should be made by the app user based on blood glucose BG measurements obtained from a BG meter.

Changes to treatment should only be made in consultation with a healthcare professional HCP. All therapy adjustments should be based on measurements obtained from standard blood glucose monitoring devices and not on values provided by the system. The reports provide information that can be used to identify trends and track daily activities—such as carbohydrates consumed, meal times, insulin delivery, and glucose readings.

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The system is intended to complement, not replace, information obtained from standard blood glucose monitoring devices. All therapy adjustments should be based on measurements obtained from standard blood glucose monitoring devices and not on values provided by the system. The system is intended to complement, not replace, information obtained from standard blood glucose monitoring devices, and is not recommended for people who are unwilling or unable to perform a minimum of two meter blood glucose tests per day, or for people who are unable or unwilling to maintain contact with their healthcare professional.

The system requires a functioning mobile electronic device with correct settings. If the mobile device is not set up or used correctly, you may not receive sensor glucose information or alerts. The system requires a prescription. Do not calibrate your CGM device or calculate a bolus using a blood glucose meter result taken from an alternative site palm or from a control solution test.